LABARIN HARLEY-DAVIDSON

Fitacciyar Harley-Davidson ya fi gunki na al'adun Amurka. Tabbas ita ce mafi gargajiya kuma daya daga cikin manyan masana'antar babura a duniya a yau. Kamfanin, wanda a yau yana da manyan masana'antu uku a Amurka, yana daukar ma'aikata kusan 9,000 kai tsaye, kuma ana sa ran zai iya kera kekuna kusan 300,000 a bana. Waɗannan lambobi ne masu bayyanawa waɗanda ke ɓoye farkon farawa kuma masu cike da ƙalubale.

Tarihin alamar ya fara ne a cikin 1903, a cikin wani rumfa da ke bayan gidan ’yan’uwa matasa Arthur da Walter Davidson a gundumar Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Ma'auratan, wadanda suke kimanin shekaru 20, sun hada kai da William S. Harley dan shekaru 21 don kera karamin babur don yin gasa. A cikin wannan zubar (mita uku nisa da tsayin mita tara), kuma a gaban wanda zai iya karanta alamar "Harley-Davidson Motor Company", an samar da babura uku na farko na alamar.

Daga cikin waɗannan babura na farawa guda uku, waɗanda suka kafa kamfanin a Milwaukee suka sayar da ɗaya kai tsaye ga Henry Meyer, abokin William S. Harley da Arthur Davidson. A Chicago, dila na farko mai suna - CH Lang - ya tallata wani daga cikin waɗannan kekuna uku da aka fara yi.

Kasuwanci ya fara bunƙasa, amma a hankali. A ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1905, duk da haka, babur Harley-Davidson ya lashe gasarsa ta farko a Chicago - kuma wannan ya taimaka wajen inganta tallace-tallace na matasa. A wannan shekarar, an ɗauki ma'aikaci na cikakken lokaci na Kamfanin Motoci na Harley-Davidson a Milwaukee.

A shekara mai zuwa, tare da haɓaka tallace-tallace, waɗanda suka kafa ta sun yanke shawarar yin watsi da kayan aiki na farko kuma su zauna a cikin babban ɗakin ajiya mafi girma, mafi kyawun aiki wanda ke kan titin Juneau a Milwaukee. An ɗauki ƙarin ma'aikata biyar don yin aiki na cikakken lokaci a can. Har yanzu a cikin 1906, alamar ta samar da kundin talla na farko.

A cikin 1907, wani Davidson ya shiga kasuwancin. William A. Davidson, ɗan'uwan Arthur da Walter, ya bar aikinsa kuma ya shiga Kamfanin Motar Harley-Davidson. Daga baya a wannan shekara, yawan adadin kai da aikin masana'antar ya kusan ninka sau biyu. Bayan shekara guda, an sayar da babur na farko ga 'yan sanda na Detroit, wanda ya fara haɗin gwiwa na gargajiya wanda ya wanzu har yau.

A cikin 1909, Kamfanin Motoci na Harley-Davidson mai shekaru shida ya gabatar da babban juyin halittarsa ​​na farko na fasaha a cikin kasuwar masu taya biyu. Duniya ta ga haifuwar injin V-Twin na farko da ya hau babur, farfela mai iya haɓaka 7 hp - babban ƙarfin wannan lokacin. Ba da dadewa ba, hoton wani mai tuƙi mai silinda biyu da aka shirya a kusurwar digiri 45 ya zama ɗaya daga cikin gumaka a tarihin Harley-Davidson.

A cikin 1912, an fara ingantaccen ginin titin Juneau Avenue kuma an buɗe keɓantaccen yanki na sassa da na'urorin haɗi. A wannan shekarar da kamfanin ya kai alamar dillalai 200 a Amurka kuma ya fitar da raka'o'insa na farko zuwa kasashen waje, ya kai kasuwan Japan.

Marca ta sayar da kekuna kusan 100,000 ga sojoji

Tsakanin 1917 zuwa 1918, Kamfanin Motar Harley-Davidson ya kera tare da sayar da babura 17,000 ga sojojin Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na XNUMX. Wani sojan Amurka da ke tuka wata mota ta gefen mota Harley-Davidson ne ya fara shiga yankin Jamus.

A shekara ta 1920, tare da dillalai kusan 2,000 a cikin ƙasashe 67, Harley-Davidson ya riga ya kasance mafi girman masana'antar babura a duniya. A lokaci guda, mahaya Leslie "Red" Parkhurst karya ba kasa da 23 gudun duniya rikodin tare da wani iri babur. Harley-Davidson shine kamfani na farko, alal misali, wanda ya lashe tseren gudun da ya wuce alamar mil 100 / awa.

A cikin 1936, kamfanin ya gabatar da samfurin EL, wanda aka sani da "Knucklehead", sanye take da bawuloli na gefe. An dauki wannan keken daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da Harley-Davidson ya kaddamar a tarihinta. A shekara mai zuwa ya mutu William A. Davidson, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kamfanin. Wasu masu kafa biyu - Walter Davidson da Bill Harley - za su mutu a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa.

Tsakanin 1941 da 1945, lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kamfanin ya dawo don samar da babura ga sojojin Amurka da abokansa. Kusan duk abin da aka samar, wanda aka kiyasta kusan raka'a 90,000, an aika zuwa sojojin Amurka a wannan lokacin. Ɗayan samfurin Harley-Davidson na musamman da aka ƙera don yaƙi shine XA 750, wanda aka sanye shi da silinda a kwance tare da kishiyar silinda da aka yi niyya da farko don amfani a cikin hamada. An sayar da raka'a 1,011 na wannan samfurin don amfanin soja a lokacin yaƙin.

A watan Nuwamba 1945, da karshen yakin, an koma yin amfani da babura don farar hula. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, don biyan buƙatun babura, kamfanin ya mallaki masana'anta ta biyu - Capitol Drive plant - a Wauwatosa, kuma a cikin jihar Wisconsin. A cikin 1952, an ƙaddamar da samfurin Hydra-Glide, babur na farko na alamar mai suna bayan suna - kuma ba tare da lambobi ba, kamar yadda yake a da.
Jam'iyyar don girmama bikin cika shekaru 50 a cikin 1953 ba ta fito da uku daga cikin wadanda suka kafa ta ba. A cikin bukukuwan, a cikin salon, an ƙirƙiri sabon tambari don girmama injin da aka shirya a cikin "V", alamar kasuwancin kamfanin. A wannan shekara, tare da rufe alamar Indiya, Harley-Davidson zai zama mai kera babur a Amurka na shekaru 46 masu zuwa.

Tauraron matashin lokacin Elvis Presley ya gabatar da fitowar watan Mayu 1956 na Mujallar Mai sha'awa tare da samfurin Harley-Davidson KH. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya a tarihin Harley-Davidson, Sportster, an gabatar da shi a cikin 1957. Har wa yau, wannan sunan yana motsa sha'awa a tsakanin magoya bayan alamar. An ƙaddamar da wani almara na alamar a cikin 1965: Electra-Glide, maye gurbin samfurin Duo-Glide, da kuma kawo ƙididdigewa a matsayin mai kunna wutar lantarki - fasalin da zai kai ga layin Sportster.

Haɗuwa da MFA ya faru a cikin 1969

Wani sabon lokaci a tarihin Harley-Davidson ya fara a cikin 1965. Tare da buɗe hannun jari a kan musayar hannun jari, ikon iyali a cikin kamfanin ya ƙare. Sakamakon wannan shawarar, a cikin 1969 Harley-Davidson ya haɗu tare da American Machine and Foundry (AMF), masana'antun gargajiya na Amurka na kayan nishaɗi. A wannan shekara fitowar Harley-Davidson na shekara-shekara ya kai raka'a 14,000.

Dangane da yanayin keɓancewa na babura a cikin 1971, an ƙirƙiri babur FX 1200 Super Glide - ƙirar ƙirar tsakanin Electra-Glide da Sportster. Wani sabon nau'in babura, wanda ake kira cruiser kuma an tsara shi don dogon tafiye-tafiye, an haife shi a wurin - samfurin da aka keɓe don amintacciyar hanyar ketare manyan hanyoyin Amurka.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, tare da buƙatar sake tashi, Harley-Davidson ya yanke shawara mai mahimmanci don faɗaɗa samarwa, ya bar kamfanin Milwaukee don kera injin. An matsar da layin hada babur zuwa wani sabon masana'anta, mafi girma, mafi zamani a York, Pennsylvania. Samfurin Low Rider na FXRS ya shiga layin samfurin Harley-Davidson a cikin 1977.



Wani juyi a tarihin Harley-Davidson ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1981, lokacin da manyan jami'an kamfanin 13 suka rattaba hannu kan wata wasika na niyyar siyan hannun jari na AMF na Harley-Davidson. A watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, an kammala sayan kuma kalmar "Mikiya ta tashi ita kaɗai" ta zama sananne. Nan da nan, sababbin masu mallakar kamfanin sun aiwatar da sababbin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki da kuma kula da inganci a cikin samar da babura masu alama.

A cikin 1982, Harley-Davidson ya nemi gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka da ta ƙirƙira harajin shigo da kaya na babura tare da injuna sama da 700 cc don ɗauke da “mamaye” na gaskiya na baburan Japan a kasuwar Arewacin Amurka. An ba da bukatar. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru biyar, kamfanin ya ba wa kasuwa mamaki. Da yake da kwarin guiwar iya yin gogayya da babura na kasashen waje, Harley-Davidson ta sake roki gwamnatin tarayya da ta janye harajin shigo da baburan da ake shigowa da su daga waje shekara guda kafin lokacin da aka tsara.

Wannan mataki ne da ba a taba yin irinsa ba a kasar kawo yanzu. Tasirin wannan aiki yana da ƙarfi sosai wanda ya jagoranci shugaban Amurka Ronald Reagan ya zagaya wuraren tallar kuma ya bayyana a fili cewa shi ɗan Harley-Davidson ne. Ya isa ya ba sabon numfashi.

Kafin wannan, duk da haka, a cikin 1983, Harley Owners Group (HOG), rukunin masu babur na alamar, a halin yanzu yana da membobin kusan 750,000 a duk duniya. Shi ne kulob mafi girma a irinsa a cikin kasuwar masu kafa biyu a duniya. A shekara mai zuwa, an ƙaddamar da sabon injin Evolution V-Twin mai nauyin 1,340cc, wanda ke buƙatar shekaru bakwai na bincike da haɓaka daga injiniyoyin Harley-Davidson.

Wannan farfela zai samar da babura guda biyar na alamar a waccan shekarar, gami da sabuwar Softail - wani labari mai suna. Ƙaddamarwar ya taimaka wa kamfanin ya ƙara haɓaka tallace-tallace. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1986, hannun jari na Harley-Davidson ya shiga kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta New York - karo na farko tun 1969, lokacin da aka yi haɗin gwiwar Harley-Davidson-AMF.

A cikin 1991, an gabatar da dangin Dyna tare da ƙirar FXDB Sturgis. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, kusan masu tuka babur 100,000 ne suka halarci bikin cika shekaru 90 na alamar a Milwaukee. A cikin 1995, Harley-Davidson ya gabatar da classic FLHR Road King. Samfurin Ultra Classic Electra Glide, yana bikin cikarsa shekaru 30 a cikin 1995, ya zama babur na farko na alamar don nuna jerin allurar mai na lantarki.

A cikin 1998, Harley-Davidson ya sami Kamfanin Babur Buell, ya buɗe sabon injin injin a wajen Milwaukee, Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, kuma ya gina sabon layin taro a Kansas City, Missouri. A cikin wannan shekarar, kamfanin ya yi bikin cika shekaru 95 a Milwaukee, tare da kasancewar fiye da 140,000 magoya bayan alamar a cikin birnin.

Har ila yau a ƙarshen 1998 ne Harley-Davidson ya buɗe masana'anta a Manaus, Brazil. Ya zuwa yau, shine kawai layin taro mai alamar da aka girka a wajen Amurka. Wannan rukunin a halin yanzu yana haɗa samfuran Softail FX, Softail Deuce, Fat Boy, Classic Heritage, King Road Classic da Ultra Electra Glide. Sabuwar Hanyar King Custom ta fara hadawa a wannan rukunin a cikin Nuwamba.

A cikin 1999, sabon Twin Cam 88 mai tuƙi akan layin Dyna da Touring ya shiga kasuwa. A shekara ta 2001, Harley-Davidson ya gabatar da duniya tare da samfurin juyin juya hali: V-Rod. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar nan gaba, ƙirar ita ce ta farko a tarihin alamar Arewacin Amirka da aka sanye da injin sanyaya ruwa.

Morsun Led yana ba da inganci mai kyau Harley ya jagoranci fitulun mota na siyarwa, barka da zuwa bincike.